RESUMO
The aim of the present study was to examine neurocognitive function associated with chronic nicotine use. A total of 2163 healthy participants (1002 smokers, 1161 never-smoking controls) participated in a population-based case-control design. The main outcome measures were six cognitive domain factors derived from a neuropsychological test battery. In smokers, the battery was administered after controlled smoking of one cigarette. Analyses included age, sex and education as covariates. Results demonstrated small, but significant deficits in smokers for visual attention (P<0.001) and cognitive impulsivity (P<0.006), while verbal episodic memory, verbal fluency, verbal working memory, and Stroop-interference did not differ between groups. These attention/impulsivity deficits were also present in smokers with only a low amount of cigarette consumption. Lifetime nicotine use (pack-years) was not correlated with cognition in smokers. In conclusion, this study confirmed subtle and specific cognitive deficits in non-deprived smokers. The independence of these deficits from consumption intensity may argue for an a priori deficit of some cognitive abilities in smokers. These specific deficits may constitute intermediate phenotypes for genetic research on nicotine use.
Assuntos
Atenção/fisiologia , Comportamento Impulsivo/fisiopatologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Fumar/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Endofenótipos , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nicotina/farmacologia , Análise de Componente Principal , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Fumar/genética , Fumar/psicologia , Tabagismo/genética , Tabagismo/fisiopatologia , Tabagismo/psicologia , Aprendizagem Verbal/fisiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
La investigación de brotes epidémicos (BE) comunitarios en el hospital es una contingencia frecuente que exige la máxima experiencia y capacidad de trabajo por parte del epidemiólogo hospitalario. Presentamos un modelo de formulario estándar de recogida de datos para el estudio y seguimiento de BE en el hospital. Además para introducir criterios de decisión, incluimos unas listas con los datos epidemiológicos más importantes de una selección de brotes publicados según su mecanismo de transmisión. El formulario incluye 4 hojas: 1. Hoja de Información Preliminar. 2. Hoja de información sobre la Enfermedad y Listado de Casos. 3. Hoja de Información sobre Exposiciones. Y 4. Hoja Resumen del brote. Creemos que el presente documento puede ser útil para realizar un estudio completo, ordenado, riguroso y ajustado a normativa legal del BE comunitario, al facilitar el trabajo del epidemiólogo hospitalario en situaciones como ésta de alto estrés laboral y de gran repercusión social y sanitaria (AU)
Research of community outbreaks (CO) is a frequent event in the hospital that requires great experience and working ability by hospitality epidemiologist. We propose a model of standard form for data collection to study and follow up of the CO in the hospital. Moreover, we include several lists of publicated CO by mechanism of transmission that contain the most important epidemiological data to provide decision criteria. This form consists of 4 pages: 1. Preliminary Information Page, 2. Disease Information and Case List Page, 3. Exposure Information Page and 4. Summary Outbreak Page. We think that this document can be useful to make a complete, ordered, serious and adjusted in law study of CO, since it simplifies the task of hospitality epidemiologist in these situations which involve high labour stress and many social or sanitary problems (AU)
